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| STANDARDS
/ HAZARDOUS AREA STANDARDS
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| Europe/IEC/CENELEC/NEC505 |
Continuous
Hazard >1000hrs/yr
|
Intermittent
Hazard 10-1000hrs/yr
|
Hazard
under abnormal conditions
0.1-10hrs/yr |
North
America/NEC500-503
|
Zone
0(Zone 20 dust)
|
Zone
1(Zone 21 dust)
|
Zone
2(Zone 22 dust) |
Safety
Categories - Vapours
|
Division
1(gases&dusts)
|
Division
1(gases&dusts)
|
Division
2(gases&dusts) |
Safety
Categories - Dusts
|
G1 |
G2 |
G3 |
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D1 |
D2 |
D3 |
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| Hazard
Category
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| If
your company is planning an expansion,
retro-fit, grass roots facilities,
or simply modifying a process
unit, and the process hazard analysis
(PHA) indicates you need a safety
instrumented system (SIS) as a
protective layer, then you need
to comply with ANSI/ISA S84.01.
Why? Because in February 1996,
the "Application of Safety
Instrumented Systems for the Process
Industries" was approved
and will be enforceable under
OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910. There are
at least five (5) references in
this Federal Register that state
"...accepted engineering
standards and practices".
For example : |
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APPARATUS
|
CLASSIFICATION
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|
Hazardous
Substances
|
Europe
NEC 505
|
North
America NEC 500-503
|
Ignition
Energy |
Methane
|
Group
I(mines)
|
Class
I, Group D
|
>260
microJoules |
Gases
and Vapours
Acetylene
Hydrogen
Ethyl
Propane
|
-
Group IIC
Group IIC or IIB
Group IIB
Group IIA
|
-
Class I, Group A
Class I, Group B
Class I, Group C
Class I, Group D
|
>20
microJoules
>20 microJoules
>60 microJoules
>180
microJoules |
Dusts
Metal Dust
Coal Dust
Grain Dust |
-
In Preparation
In Preparation
In Preparation
|
-
Class II, Group E
Class II, Group F
Class II, Group G
|
^
More ^
^ Easily ^
^ Ignited ^ |
Fibres
and Flyings
Wood, paper or cotton fibre
processing
|
-
Not Classified |
-
Class III |
-
- |
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| Temperature
Classification |
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|
MAXIMUM TEMP. |
SURFACE |
|
|
-
Deg. C
|
-
Deg.
F
|
EUROPE
IEC79-8 T CLASS
EN 50 014
|
NORTH
AMERICA
NEC 500-3(d)
|
|
450 |
842 |
T1 |
T1 |
|
300 |
572 |
T2 |
T2 |
|
280 |
536 |
T2 |
T2 A |
|
260 |
500 |
T2 |
T2 B |
|
230 |
446 |
T2 |
T2 C |
|
215 |
419 |
T2 |
T2 D |
|
200 |
392 |
T3 |
T3 |
|
180 |
356 |
T3 |
T3 A |
|
165 |
329 |
T3 |
T3 B |
|
160 |
320 |
T3 |
T3 C |
|
135 |
275 |
T4 |
T4 |
|
120 |
248 |
T4 |
T4 A |
|
100 |
212 |
T5 |
T5 |
|
85 |
185 |
T6 |
T6 |
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| Methods
of Explosion Protection |
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|
European
Practice |
Zone
|
ATEX
Cat. |
CENELEC
EN |
IEC
60079 |
American
Practice |
Division
|
General
Characteristics |
|
Category 1G |
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50284 |
-26 |
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|
Permits combined methods
of protection |
|
General Requirements
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|
50014 |
0 |
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Basic electrical requirements
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Oil-immersion Ex"o"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50015 |
-6 |
Oil-immersion |
1, 2 |
Suitable for transformers
and where there are moving
parts. |
|
Pressurisation Ex"p"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50016 |
-2 |
Purging |
1, 2 |
Suitable for cabinets,
motors, analysers or working
area. Requires specific
alarm systems. |
|
Powder-filling Ex"q"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50017 |
-5 |
Not Recognised |
|
Suitable for weighing
machines and where there
are non-moving parts.
|
|
Flameproof Ex"d" |
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50018 |
-1 |
Explosion- proof |
(1), 2 |
Suitable for dc motors.
Relatively easy to be
applied but with specific
mechanical requirements.
|
|
Increased Safety Ex"e"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50019 |
-7 |
Not Recognised |
|
Suitable for non sparking
apparatus during normal
operation. (Terminals,
connectors, lamp sockets,
induction motors etc.)
|
|
Intrinsic Safety Ex"ia"
|
0, 1, 2 |
1, 2, 3 |
50020 |
-11 |
Intrinsic Safety |
1, 2 |
Suitable for process
instruments. Low energy,
safe with 2 faults. |
|
Intrinsic Safety Ex"ib"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50020 |
-11 |
Not Recognised |
|
Suitable for displays.
Low energy, safe with
1 fault. |
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Intrinsically safe systems
|
|
|
50039 |
-25 |
|
|
Considers combination
of intrinsically safe
apparatus |
|
Type "n" |
2 |
3 |
50021 |
-15 |
Non-Incendive |
2 |
Alternative to standard
types of protection. |
|
Encapsulation Ex"m"
|
1, 2 |
2, 3 |
50028 |
-18 |
Not Recognised |
|
Suitable for solenoid
valves and small circuits
and windings. |
|
Special Ex"s" |
(0), 1, 2 |
|
|
|
See NEC Section 90-4
|
For apparatus for which
safety can be demonstrated,
but not according to any
standard method. |
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| EU
and N. American Testing Authorities
|
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COUNTRY |
TESTING AUTHORITY |
COUNTRY |
TESTING AUTHORITY |
| Austria |
TUV-A |
Mexico |
ANCE |
| Austria |
BVFA |
Netherlands
|
KEMA |
| Belgium |
ISSEP |
Norway |
NEMKO |
| Canada |
CSA |
Spain |
LOM |
| Denmark |
DEMKO |
Sweden |
SP |
| Finland |
VTT |
United Kingdom
|
BASEEFA/EECS
|
| France |
INERIS |
United Kingdom
|
SCS |
| France |
LCIE |
USA |
ETL |
| Germany |
PTB |
USA |
Factory Mutual
|
| Germany |
BVS |
USA |
Underwriters
Laboratories |
| Italy |
CESI |
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